Descriptive Text

Descriptive Text

A.           Definition of Descriptive Text

Descriptive text is a text that focus about a person or something is like.

B.            Purpose of Descriptive Text

The purpose of descriptive text is to describe a particular person, place, or a thing.

C.            Generic Structure of Descriptive Text

1.      Identification           : identifiying the person, place, or thing that want to describe.

2.      Description              : describing the person, place, or thing that want to describe in parts, qualities, or characteristics.

D.           Language Feature

1.      Using simple present tense 

2.      Using attribute verb

3.      Just focus in one object

E.            Example

Jawa Timur Park

For people who live in East Java, Jatim Park may have been heard many times as it is one of the famous tourism object in East Java province.  Jatim Park always offers a recreation place as well as a study center.Jatim Park is located at Jl. Kartika 2 Batu, East Java.  If people want to visit, the location is not too difficult to find because the object is only 2, 5 kilos meters from Batu city. This Jatim Park tourism object is about 22 hectares width.

Every visitor can enjoy at least 36 kinds of facilities which can attract them as well as give new knowledge. Just after the pass gate, the visitors will find an interesting view of ‘Galeri Nusantara’ area. This study offering continues to step on ‘Taman Sejarah’ area, which contains of miniature temple in East Java like Sumberawan temple, customhouse of Kiai Hasan Besari Ponorogo and Sumberawan Statue.

The other facility which is able to be enjoyed is ‘Agro Park’ area. Agro Park presents crop and rareness fruits, animal diorama which consists of unique animals that have been conserved there and supporting games like bowling, throw ball, scooter disco, etc. Jatim Park is suitable for family and school recreation. The recreation area sites offer precious tour and can used as alternative media of study.

Expository Text

A.           Definition of Expository Text

Expository text is a generic name of some sub genres in writing. Expository text include procedure text, process, cause and effect, comparison and contrast.

B.            Purpose of Expository Text

The purpose of expository text is to tell how something is made or to tell how something is.

C.            Generic of Expository Text

1.      Topic sentence

2.      Supporting sentence

3.      Concluding sentence

D.           Language Feature

1.      Using process verb. Ex: begin, start, become, remain.

2.      Using  indefinite transition.

3.      Using question word mark, such as how.

4.      Using charts, graphics, and other visual aids.

5.      Using present tense.

E.            Example

How An Omlet is Made

Everyone likes a omlet. Omlete is made from egg and vegetable. First, all of the materials are prepared. Second, an egg is broken in the bowl. Third, the vegetable are cut and put on the bowl. Fourth, the egg and the vegetable are stir well. Fifth, the dough are fried in the hot oil until done. Finally, an omlet is ready to serve.

KIND OF NOUNS

Countable Nouns

Countable nouns are easy to recognize. They are things that we can count. For example: "pen". We can count pens. We can have one, two, three or more pens. Here are some more countable nouns:

• dog, cat, animal, man, person
• bottle, box, litre
• coin, note, dollar
• cup, plate, fork
• table, chair, suitcase, bag

Countable nouns can be singular or plural:

• My dog is playing.
• My dogs are hungry.

We can use the indefinite article a/an with countable nouns:

• A dog is an animal.

When a countable noun is singular, we must use a word like a/the/my/this with it:

• I want an orange. (not I want orange.)
• Where is my bottle? (not Where is bottle?)

When a countable noun is plural, we can use it alone:

• I like oranges.
• Bottles can break.

We can use some and any with countable nouns:

• I've got some dollars.
• Have you got any pens?

We can use a few and many with countable nouns:

• I've got a few dollars.
• I haven't got many pens.

Uncountable nouns are those that have only one form and we cannot count them.

water  rain  petrol  bread   meat   golf  tennis

We do not use a or one, two, three etc, before uncountable nouns.

We'll give a list of common uncoutable nouns, and some of the words we use in front of them:

a

glass bottle

of

water milk

a cup of

tea coffee

a spoonful of

sugar salt

a	slice piece	of	bread cheese ham cake
We can use some with all these words. We also use grams/kilos/litres etc. in shops: Can I have three litres of milk, please? Some nouns can be countable or uncountable: UNCOUNTABLE: I like coffee. My hair is blonde. I haven't got time. I always have sugar in my tea, COUNTABLE: I'll have two coffees, please (cups of coffee) There's a hair in my tea We had a good time. Three sugars in my milk, please.

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Back to the Activity Countable or Uncountable?
Back to Activity Bank | Back to Grammar Bank

A countable noun is a noun with both a singular and a plural form. It names anything that can be counted. Most nouns are countable nouns.  They are the opposite of non-countable nouns.

Examples:

bear (bears), tooth (teeth), man (men), grass (grasses) (all countable nouns)
hydrogen, sugar, cheese, furniture, water (non-countable noun)

Countable nouns attract the question how many.

For example:

How many cars?
How many animals?

Non-countable nouns attract the question how much.

For example:

How much time?
How much wood?

Interactive example:
 

There is grit all over this path. [show me the countable noun]

See also:

Glossary of gr

Read more at http://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/countable_nouns.htm#tWzEXmxSOjr3hDxe.99

http://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/countable_nouns.htm

Countable & Uncountable nouns 1

 

Countable & Uncountable nouns (1)

Nouns can be countable or uncountable. When you learn a new noun you should make a note of whether it is countable or uncountable as we use different words with countables and uncountables.

Countable nouns

• There is a cat in the garden.
• There are some birds in the trees.

For positive sentences we can use a/an or some (with a plural verb form)

• There isn’t a dog in the garden.
• There aren’t any birds in the tree.

For negatives we can use a/an or any (with a plural verb form).

• Is there an orange on the tree?
• Are there any chairs in the garden?
• How many chairs are there?

In questions we use a/an, any or how many.

Uncountable nouns

• There is some milk on the floor.

Uncountable nouns have no plural. The verb form is singular and we use some.

• Is there any sugar?
• How much wine is there?

In questions we can use any or how much.

Other expressions of quantity

• There are a lot of apples on the trees.
• There is a lot of snow on the road.

A lot of can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns.

• Bill Gates has much money.

Notice that we don’t usually use ‘much’ or ‘many’ in positive sentences. We use ‘a lot of’.

• Bill Gates has a lot of money.

• There’s a lot of beer but there isn’t much wine.
• There are a lot of carrots but there aren’t many potatoes.

We use not many with countable nouns and not much with uncountable nouns.

Some nouns can be both countable and uncountable, depending on how they are used, and some nouns are commonly confused. These are covered in another section.  

http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/grammar-reference/countable-uncountable-nouns-1

Pengertian Uncountable Noun

• Uncountable Noun adalah kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung.
• Uncountable atau mass noun ini kebanyakannya hanya memiliki bentuk singular (tunggal), namun ada beberapa yang hanya memiliki bentuk plural.
• Jika ingin membentuk pengertian plural dari kata benda ini, maka yang dijamakkan adalah takarannya.
• Banyak mass noun terbentuk dari derivasi adjective, derivasi verb, maupun derivasi noun.

Contoh Uncountable Noun

Adapun contoh uncountable noun dari berbagai kategori adalah sebagai berikut.

Kategori	Contoh
Food	noddle, meat, bread
Liquid	coffee, milk, oil, honey
Powder	grain, sugar, rice, fluor, salt
material & sourches	concrete, iron, wood, glass, sand, gold, air, water, oxygen, fog
household items	furniture, flooring, bedding, electricity
Language	Indonesia, english, mandarin, Arabic
Weather	thunder, weather, lightning, rain, snow, wind
Travel	travel, information, money, equipment, luggage
professional endeavour	work, knowledge, research, progress, intelligence, loyalty
abstract consept	happiness, tolerance, independence, love, anger

Plural Uncountable Noun

• Beberapa uncountable memiliki bentuk plural (jamak) tanpa bentuk singular (tunggal) walaupun dengan makna yang sama.
• Plural uncountable tersebut tidak dapat ditambahkan determiner
  number. Contoh: two pants.

Contoh Plural Uncountable:

arms, clothes, customs, glasses, goods, groceries, jeans, pyjamas, pants, scissors, spectacles, thanks, trousers.

Determiner pada Uncountable Noun

Determiner pada uncountable antara lain adalah definite article, quantifier, dan distributive, dengan contoh kalimat sebagai berikut.

Determiner		Contoh Kalimat
Articles	The	She bought the furniture at the exhibition.
Quantifier	Much	Do not bring much money to the store.
	little, a little	There is only little water left in his thermos.
	a great deal of, a good deal of, a large amount	A mother has a great deal of time to listen her children’s problems.
	No	There is no fresh water in this area.
	some, any	Would you mind giving me some advice?
	a lot of/lots of	I need a lot of margarine to cook
Distributive	this, that	This rice is free from herbicide.

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Part 2. Articles with Uncountable Nouns: Basic Rules
Uncountable nouns can't be counted. They are not used in the plural, do not take the plural ending s/es, are not used with the indefinite article a/an, and agree with a singular verb.
Types of uncountable nouns
Several terms are used in reference to these nouns in English: uncountable nouns, noncount nouns, non-countable nouns. Some linguistic sources use the term mass nouns for all types of uncountable nouns.
In general, uncountable nouns include concrete mass nouns (liquids, gases, solid substances), various abstract notions, names of scientific subjects and fields of study, names of languages, names of sports, names of various activities, names of natural phenomena. The list below shows some commonly used uncountable nouns.
Liquids: water, tea, coffee, milk, cocoa, lemonade, fruit juice, beer, wine, champagne, vodka, whisky, alcohol, vinegar, soy sauce, vegetable oil, petroleum, oil, petrol, gasoline, blood, shampoo, ink, glue.
Gases: air, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, natural gas, methane, propane, ammonia, smoke, steam.
Solid substances: bread, butter, cheese, meat, fruit, ice, gold, silver, iron, steel, coal, glass, wood, paper, rubber, plastic, wool, cotton, silk, nylon, toothpaste, dirt, mud.
Powder, grain: sugar, salt, pepper, grain, corn, wheat, barley, buckwheat, oats, rice, rye, corn, maize, flour, sand, cement, dust.
Other concrete mass nouns: food, furniture, equipment, machinery, traffic, software, hardware, baggage, luggage, mail, money, jewelry, garbage.
Various abstract notions: beauty, chaos, charity, capitalism, democracy, eternity, evidence, homelessness, individualism, faith, infinity, liberty, loyalty, luxury, misery, motivation, observation, poverty, privacy, slavery, space, stability, unemployment, violence, wealth, wisdom.
Frequently used abstract nouns: advice, freedom, friendship, help, honesty, humour, imagination, inflation, information, justice, knowledge, luck, memory, news, order, peace, power, progress, reality, research, time, truth, work.
Feelings, emotions: anger, anxiety, calm, compassion, confidence, courage, curiosity, despair, determination, disappointment, enthusiasm, envy, excitement, forgiveness, happiness, hatred, jealousy, kindness, joy, love, patience, pleasure, sadness, pride, sensitivity, sincerity, sorrow, sympathy, tolerance, trust, uncertainty.
Various types of state: health, sleep, silence, laughter, stress, sanity, insanity, motherhood, childhood, youth, old age.
Various activities: reading, writing, studying, walking, running, driving, traveling, typing, dancing, cooking, eating, drinking, smoking.
Scientific subjects and fields of study: mathematics, physics, chemistry, geography, biology, medicine, agriculture, engineering, electronics, science, art, history, economics, literature, journalism, music, education, philosophy, law, politics, accounting, advertising, linguistics, grammar, phonetics.
Names of languages: English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Dutch, Finnish, Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Korean.
Sports and related activities: basketball, football, baseball, volleyball, soccer, tennis, gymnastics, athletics, swimming, rugby, golf, fencing, weight lifting, wrestling, hiking, hunting, fishing, chess, checkers, draughts, cards, billiards.
Various natural phenomena: energy, light, electricity, gravity, sunshine, darkness, fire, weather, thunder, lightning, snow, sleet, frost, dew, humidity, heat, hail, rain.
Names of diseases: pneumonia, diabetes, laryngitis, diphtheria, tuberculosis, cancer, sclerosis, appendicitis, measles, mumps.
Note:
A large number of nouns with suffixes, including uncountable nouns, are listed in List of Nouns with Suffixes in the section Writing. In many cases, the suffixes "acy, age, ance, dom, hood, ism, ment, ness, ship, tion, ty" are found in uncountable nouns. But there are many other cases in this list. Try to determine whether the nouns with these suffixes are countable or uncountable. It may be a difficult task even for advanced students.
Rule 1
An uncountable noun is not used with the indefinite article. If you are speaking about an uncountable noun in general, don't use any article.
I'd like coffee with milk, please.
She prefers green tea.
Do you play tennis?
I want to buy new furniture.
She likes classical music.
He likes history and Spanish.
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.
She believes in justice.
Information gives power.
He has laryngitis.
He has no respect for old age.
Radioactivity was discovered in 1896.
Science appeared in the Stone Age.
Coal, oil, and natural gas are used to produce electricity.
Rule 2
If you need to point out an uncountable noun, use the definite article the. Usually, some additional information is needed in the sentence in order to use the definite article, for example, the of-phrase or a subordinate clause. The definite article in such cases is close in meaning to "this, that".
The milk in this glass is sour.
The tea that she served smelled of mint.
Take out the garbage, please.
How accurate is the information that you have given in this report?
The power that this man has is huge.
The water in this well is poisoned.
I am studying the history of France.
Thank you for the kindness that you have shown to my mother.
Note: Expressions of quantity
Certain expressions of quantity are used with uncountable nouns to show a particular amount or a portion of something. For example: a cup of coffee, a pound of butter, a loaf of bread, a piece of cake, a piece of furniture, a piece of news, a grain of rice, a grain of truth, a game of chess, a little help, a lot of work. (Some expressions of quantity are described in Specific Use of a/an in the section Grammar, and there is a list of expressions of quantity with food products in Food Products Main List in the section Vocabulary.)
Note: Different kinds and varieties
Uncountable nouns, usually concrete mass nouns, may be used in the plural with the ending s/es to show different kinds and varieties. For example: the teas of India, blended teas, soft cheeses, low-fat cheeses, French wines, whole-wheat breads, hard wheats, stainless steels, iron ores, Chinese silks, various wools. Such use is quite common in scientific and special literature.
In general speech and writing, mostly the singular form is used in such cases. For example: different kinds of soft cheese, varieties of black tea, types of stainless steel, varieties of wool. Some uncountable mass nouns are often used in the plural to show different kinds in general speech and writing, for example, fruits, fruit juices, wines. Compare these examples:
This dress is made of silk.
Chinese silk is very beautiful.
The museum has a large collection of textiles, including ornamental Chinese silks and Japanese kimono silks.
Children should eat fresh fruit and vegetables and drink fruit juice every day.
Many fruits and combinations of fruits are  used to make various fruit juices.
I like red wine. I'd like a glass of white wine, please.
He is a connoisseur of French wine. He is a connoisseur of French wines.
The store offers a large selection of French wines.
Important note: The meanings of uncountable nouns
Many uncountable nouns have meanings in which they function as countable nouns, and in such cases, they can take the indefinite article a/an or the plural ending s/es. Because there are no articles in Russian, the difference between an uncountable noun and the same noun as countable (with another meaning) often escapes us. The difference between them in English is very big: their meanings are different; you can or can't use the article a/an or the ending s/es; the verb is in the plural or in the singular.
Here are several examples of the uncountable nouns that can also function as countable nouns:
beauty; a beauty
glass; a glass
liberty; civil liberties
difficulty; difficulties
wonder; a wonder
observation; an observation
paper; a paper
drawing; a drawing
reason; a reason
iron; an iron
football; a football
hair; a hair
grain; a grain
crime; a crime
medicine; medicines
Examples: Compare the use of articles
Uncountable noun:
Observation is important in research.
This patient needs careful observation.
Countable noun:
He made an observation about her report.
The observation that he made was very helpful to her.
He made several helpful observations on her report.
More examples
Science and art play an important role in human progress. (Uncountable nouns "science, art" in general, no need for article the, can't use a/an.)
Do you think mathematics is a science, an art, a tool, a language, or a game? (Countable nouns "science, art", singular, one of sciences / arts, article a/an.)
The art of painting is an important part of Chinese culture. (Uncountable noun "art", specific, of-phrase, article the.)
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Beauty lies in lover's eyes. (proverb) (Uncountable noun "beauty" in general, no need for article the, can't use a/an.)
She is a beauty in this costume. (Countable noun "beauty", singular, one / one of, indefinite article.)
The beauty of this engineering solution is in its simplicity. (Uncountable noun "beauty", specific, of-phrase, article the.)
She believes in liberty. (Uncountable noun "liberty" in general, no need for article the, can't use a/an.)
Civil liberties and civil rights are the same thing. (Countable noun "liberties" in general, plural, no need for article the, can't use a/an.)
A piano is a musical instrument. (Countable noun "piano", singular, one / any piano, indefinite article.)
The piano that he has at home is very old. (Countable noun "piano", singular, specific, of-phrase, article the.)
He makes toy pianos. (Countable noun "pianos" in general, plural, no need for article the, can't use a/an.)
The pianos that he made last year were sold very quickly. (Countable noun "pianos", plural, specific, article the.)
He teaches piano. (Uncountable noun "piano" as a field of study, no need for article the, can't use a/an.)
He can play the piano. (Set expression. See Specific Use of THE, Musical instruments.)

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English Grammar

Countable / Uncountable Nouns

Nouns | Abstract Nouns | Collective Nouns | Common Nouns
Compound Nouns | Concrete Nouns
Gerund Nouns | Predicate Nouns | Proper Nouns

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A noun can be countable or uncountable. Countable nouns can be "counted", they have a singular and plural form .
For example:

• A book, two books, three books .....
• An apple, two apples, three apples ....

Uncountable nouns (also called mass nouns or noncount nouns) cannot be counted, they are not seperate objects. This means you cannot make them plural by adding -s, because they only have a singular form. It also means that they do not take a/an or a number in front of them.
For example:

• Water
• Work
• Information
• Coffee
• Sand

Countable (use a/an or a number in front of countable nouns)	Uncountable (there is no a/an or number with uncountable nouns)
An Apple / 1 Apple	Rice
I eat an apple every day.	I eat rice every day. (not I eat a rice every day.)
Add (s) to make a countable noun plural	There is no plural form for an uncountable noun
Apples	Rice
I eat an apple every day. Apples are good for you.	I eat rice every day. Rice is good for you.
A computer= Computers are fun.	To make uncountable nouns countable add a counting word, such as a unit of measurement, or the general word piece. We use the form "a ....... of ......."
An elephant=Elephants are large.	Rice=a grain of rice
	Water=a glass of water
	Rain=a drop of rain
	Music=a piece of music
You can use some and any with countable nouns. Some dogs can be dangerous. I don't use any computers at work.	You can use some and any with uncountable nouns. I usually drink some wine with my meal. I don't usually drink any water with my wine.
You only use many and few with plural countable nouns. So many elephants have been hunted that they are an endangered species. There are few elephants in England.	You only use much and little with uncountable nouns. I don't usually drink much coffee. Little wine is undrinkable though.
You can use a lot of and no with plural countable nouns. No computers were bought last week. A lot of computers were reported broken the week before.	You can use a lot of and no with uncountable nouns. A lot of wine is drunk in France. No wine is drunk in Iran.

Some mass nouns refer to groups of specific things.
For example:-
Tables, chairs, cupboards etc. are grouped under the mass noun furniture.
Plates, saucers, cups and bowls are grouped under the mass noun crockery.
Knives, forks, spoons etc. are grouped under the collective noun cutlery.
When you are travelling suitcases, bags etc. are grouped under the mass noun luggage / baggage.

Making uncountable nouns countable

You can make most uncountable noun countable by putting a countable expression in front of the noun.
For example:-

• A piece of information.
• 2 glasses of water.
• 10 litres of coffee.
• Three grains of sand.
• A pane of glass.

Sources of confusion with countable and uncountable nouns

The notion of countable and uncountable can be confusing.
Some nouns can be countable or uncountable depending on their meaning. Usually a noun is uncountable when used in a general, abstract meaning (when you don't think of it as a separate object) and countable when used in a particular meaning (when you can think of it as a separate object).
For example:-
glass - Two glasses of water. (Countable) | A window made of glass. (Uncountable) | glasses - I wear glasses. (Always plural)
Some supposedly uncountable nouns can behave like countable nouns if we think of them as being in containers, or one of several types.
This is because 'containers' and 'types' can be counted.
Believe it or not each of these sentences is correct:-
Doctors recommend limiting consumption to two coffees a day.
(Here coffees refers to the number of cups of coffee)
You could write; "Doctors recommend limiting consumption to two cups of coffee a day."
The coffees I prefer are Arabica and Brazilian.
(Here coffees refers to different types of coffee)
You could write; "The types of coffee I prefer are Arabica and Brazilian."
!Note - In good monolingual dictionaries, uncountable nouns are identified by [U] and countable nouns by [C].

Countable / Uncountable Lesson

ountable and uncountable nouns, my presentation for english classes Presentation Transcript

•  Countable—1.  nouns are nouns which we can count. They have singular and plural  Example:Bristle- bristlesBeaver-beaversElk-elksDress-—forms. dressesApple- apples
•  They don’t have different plural—2.  forms.They don’t go with a, an, one, two and so on. They can be used alone or with some/any/much etc. These include:1)Many types of food.2)liquids.3)materials.4)Abstract nouns.And some other nouns.
•  BreadEtc.— Sugar— Salt— Rice— Butter— Cheese— Meat— Flour— Yoghurt—3. 
•  KefirEtc.— Milk— Alcohol— Water— petrol— Oil— Tea— Coffee—4. 
•  ConcreteEtc.— China— Crystal— Glass— Gold— Silver— Plastic— Wood—5. 
•  BeliefEtc.— Confidence— Freedom— Justice— Love— Wisdom— Knowledge6. 
• 7. Research, luggage, baggage, hair, weather, behaviour, ad vice, news, fun, accommodation, information, equipm ent, rubbish, furniture, crockery, cutlery, money, jewell ery, machinery and so on.
• —8.  We can use a, an, one, two etc. with nouns such as coffee, tea etc. when we order something.Example:We’ll have two coffees, please.
• 9.  A piece of cake etc.—  A glass/ bottle of— A carton of milk—  A jar of jam etc.— A bowl of sugar—water etc.   A bit of—  A packet of rice etc.—cheese  A loaf/— A drop of water/liquid— slice of bread  A pot of honey/tea etc.— A lump of sugar—  A—  A cup of coffee/tea—pile of rubbish/ wood etc. Some of the  A kilo of meat/ cheese—nouns above can be also used with plural  A bar of countable nouns. ( a kilo of chocolate/soap lemons, a bowl of  A tube of toothpaste—berries  A,etc.) can of soda
•  Some nouns can be used as countable and10.  uncountable, it depends on what you mean saying something.Examples:1) I’d like a glass of orange juice, please./ He took off his glasses and enjoyed the sun.2) I enjoy reading Sunday paper./ Could you give me a few pieces of paper? I want to write a letter.3) I found the most beautiful iron chair ever!/ Is this iron hot yet? I’m afraid of getting burned.
•  A couple of, several, (a) few/ many, a (—11.  good/large/great) number of, both + countable  (too) much, (a)—nouns. little, a great/ good deal of, a small/ large amount/ quantity of +  A lot of, lots of, (hardly) any, some, no, plenty of—uncountable nouns. + countable AND uncountable nouns.
• 12. Singular Plural1) ( economics, Nouns such asmaths.) and so2) (gymnastics, athletics, etc.) on.3) ( billiards, darts, etc.)4) ( measles, mumps, etc.) E.g.: Her quite high.And the word “ ”.When we talk about Nouns which refer to objects which consist of two parts, such as: , etc.E.g.: Three thousand miles is thedistance from here to that country. and so on.Group nouns such as:and so on.

http://www.slideshare.net/SvetlanaLapsheva/countable-and-uncountable-nouns-my-presentation-for-english-classes

Penjelasan Countable dan Uncountable Noun - Pada kesempatan kali ini, penulis hadirkan penjelasan grammar mengenai Countable dan Uncountable noun. Tentunya sudah banyak yang tahu apa itu Countable noun atau Uncountable noun, karena perbedaan dan persamaannya sudah jelas terlihat dari namanya. Countable (Count + able) noun adalah kata benda yang bisa dihitung, sedangkan Uncountable (Un + count + able) noun adalah kata benda yang tidak bisa dihitung.

Countable Nouns

Countable nouns adalah nama dari objek terpisah, ide, mahluk hidup dan sebagainya yang dapat dihitung. Terdapat tiga ciri countable nouns, yaitu:

1. Tentunya bisa dihitung.

• One book
• Two books
• Five bags
• A pen

2. Memiliki bentuk jamak (plural) yang ditandai dengan akhiran –s/-es, atau dengan bentuk tidak beraturan.

• A book menjadi two books
• A glass menjadi three glasses
• A child menjadi five children

 3. Di depan contable nouns bisa digunakan a/an

• A dictionary
• An actor
• A book

Uncountable Nouns

Sedangkan yang dinamakan uncountable noun, atau juga bisa disebut non-count noun atau mass noun adalah nama dari material, benda cair, benda abstrak, koleksi, dan benda-benda yang lain yang kita lihat sebagai suatu benda yang tanpa batasan yang jelas dan bukan merupakan objek terpisah.

Contoh Uncountable Nouns

Di bawah ini adalah contoh dari kata benda yang secara umum digunakan sebagai uncountable nouns.

1. Kelompok dari beberapa benda yang serupa, misalnya kata benda furniture adalah uncountable noun karena furniture digunakan sebagai istilah untuk menggambarkan segala jenis benda yang tergolong furniture seperti kursi, meja, dan lain sebaginya. Adapun contoh lainya adalah: Furniture, food, fruit, clothing, junk, jewelary, equipment, postage, baggage, grabage, hardware, luggage, machinery, mail, makeup, etc.

2. Kata benda cair (liquids/ fluids), seperti: Water, coffee, tea, milk, oil, soup, gasolin, blood, etc.

3. Kata benda padat (solids), seperti: Ice, bread, butter, cheese, meat, gold, iron, silver, glass, paper, wood, catton, etc.

4. Kata benda gas (gases), seperti: Steam, air, oxygen, nitrogen, smoke, pollution, ect.

5. Kata benda yang terdiri dari benda-benda kecil yang sulit dihitung (particles), seperti: Rice, corn, dirt, flour, grass, dust, salt, sand, sugar, wheat, ect.

6. Kata benda abstrak (abstractions), kata benda yang wujudnya tidak bisa dirasakan oleh panca indera kita, melainkan kata benda yang berupa ide, gagasa, yang hanya ada di pikiran kita, seperti: Beauty, confindence, courage, education, fun, enjoyment, health, time, information, news, space, grammar, vocabulary, work, homework, ect.

7. Ragam bahasa (languages), seperti: Arabic, Indonesian, English, Chinese, Spanish, ect.

8. Nama-nama mata pelajaran (field of studies), seperti: Chemistry, mathematics, literature, psychology, history, engineering, scinetis, ect.

9. Nama-nama aktivitas (activities), seperti: Swimming, driving, singing, dancing, ect.

10. Nama-nama penampakan alam (natural phenomena), seperti: Weather, fog, heat, lightning, rain, snow, thunder, wind, darkness, light, sunshine, fire, gravity, humidity, ect.

Ciri-ciri Uncountable Nouns 

Berikut ini adalah ciri-ciri uncountable nouns, check this out:

1. Uncountable nouns tidak bisa dihitung sehingga dengan demikian tidak bisa didahului oleh kata bilangan, misalanya:

• I need milk. Bukan, I need two milik.
• I am dirnking water. Bukan, I am drinking one water.

2. Uncountable nouns tidak memiliki bentuk plural (jamak) dengan akhiran –s /-es sebagai penanda, misalnya:

• We drink some coffee. Bukan, We buy some coffees.
• My mother needs some milk. Bukan, My mother needs some milks.

3. Uncountable nouns tidak menggunakan indifinite article a/an, misalnya:

• I like coffee. Bukan, I like a coffee.
• He likes music. Bukan, He likes a music.

Uncountable Dirubah Menjadi Countable Noun

Dalam uncountable nouns kita bisa menjadikanya countable noun dengan menambahkan batasan pada uncountable nouns tersebut. Jadi uncountable nouns yang tadinya tidak bisa di countable kan, jika mendapat batasan yang jelas, maka uncountable nouns tersebut bisa di-countable-kan, misalnya:

I need tea (uncountable) menjadi I need a cup of tea (countable)

I drink milk (uncountable) menjadi I drinkk a glass of milk (countable)

A cup of, a glass of adalah contoh batasan yang ditambahkan jika ingin merubah uncountable nouns menjadi countable nouns. Di dibawah ini adalah daftar uncountable nouns dan batasan yang sesuai untuk masing-masing kata benda tersebut.

1. Untuk uncountable nouns berupa kata benda cair (liquid):

• A liter of ... (seliter), misalnya : There is a liter of water in the kitchen.
• A gallon of ... (segalon), misalnya : There is about a gallon of water in the bathroom.
• A glass of ... (segelas), misalnya : I need a glass of water.
• A cup of ... (secangkir), misalnya : My little brother always brings a bottle of milk to school every day.
• A bottle of ... (sebotol), misalnya : I always drink a cup of coffee in the morning.
• A can of ... (sekaleng), misalnya : There is a can of beer on the table.

2. Untuk kata benda yang berupa kata benda padat (solid):

• A piece of ... (sepotong), misalnya : I am eating a piece of cake.
• A lump of ... (sebongkah), misalnya : We still have a lump of sugar.
• A bar of ... (sebatang), misalnya : We want to but a bar of chocolate.
• A blade of ... (sebilah/ sehelai), misalnya : Who put a blade of grass in the table?
• A speck of ... (sebutir), misalnya : I saw a speck of dirt on your skirt.
• A block of ... (sebatang/ sebongkah), misalnya : We need a block of ice.
• A sheet of ... (sehelai), misalnya : Do you need a sheet of paper?
• A flash of ... (sepercik), misalnya : I could see a flash of lightning in the darkness.
• A pile of ... (setumpuk), misalnya : There is a pile of rubbish beside the street.
• A strand of ... ( sehelai), misalnya : There is a strand of hair in your shoulder.
• A grain of ... (sebutir), misalnya : The bird is eating a grain of wheat.

http://www.belajarbahasainggris.us/2012/03/penjelasan-countable-dan-uncountable.html